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FAQ
1. How to Properly Perform Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) on Adults, Children, and Infants?
| Recipient | Compression Location | Technique & Depth Standard | Rate | Breath Ratio |
| Adults | Center of the chest (between the nipples) | Two hands, pressing with the heel of the hand, depth: 2 to 2.4 inches (5-6 cm) | 100-120 compressions per minute | 30 compressions : 2 rescue breaths |
| Children | Center of the chest | One or two hands, depth: approx. 1.5-2 inches (4-5 cm) | 100-120 compressions per minute | 30:2 (or 15:2 for two rescuers) |
| Infants | Just below the nipple line | Two fingers (index and middle finger), depth: approx. 1-1.5 inches (2.5-4 cm) | 100-120 compressions per minute | 30:2 (or 15:2 for two rescuers) |
If you are not formally trained in CPR, immediately call emergency services and perform continuous chest compressions only (Hands-Only CPR) until professional help or an AED arrives.
2. Essential Home First Aid Kit Checklist
A well-stocked first aid kit is crucial for handling common household emergencies. Here is an essential checklist for your home kit:
| Category | Must-Have Items (Keywords) | Purpose |
| Dressings & Bandages | Sterile gauze pads (various sizes), Medical tape, Assorted adhesive bandages, Triangular bandage, Elastic wraps | Controlling bleeding and covering wounds |
| Tools & Protection | Disposable medical gloves, First aid scissors, Tweezers, CPR face shield (with one-way valve), Flashlight | Ensuring rescuer safety and removing foreign objects |
| Cleaning & Antiseptics | Antiseptic wipes/spray, Mild soap and water, Antibiotic ointment (e.g., Neosporin), Saline solution | Cleaning wounds and preventing infection |
| Medication & Other | Acetaminophen/Ibuprofen (OTC pain relievers), Instant cold packs, Emergency blanket (for shock/hypothermia), First aid manual | Pain relief, treating strains, and managing core temperature |
Beyond the basics, personalize your kit with any family-specific prescription medications, allergy treatments and remember to check and replace expired items regularly.
3. How to Treat Minor Burns, Cuts, and Scrapes at Home
| Injury Type | Emergency Treatment Steps (How-To) | What to AVOID (Do Not) |
| Minor Burns | 1. Cool Immediately: Run the area under cool, running water for 10-15 minutes until the pain subsides. 2. Cover: Apply a moisturizing ointment if needed, then cover with a sterile, non-stick dressing. | Do NOT use ice or ice water (risk of hypothermia/frostbite). Do NOT pop blisters. Do NOT apply butter, oil, or toothpaste. |
| Cuts / Scrapes | 1. Control Bleeding: Apply direct pressure with a clean cloth. 2. Clean: Thoroughly wash the wound with mild soap and clean water or antiseptic. 3. Protect: Apply a small amount of antibiotic ointment and cover with a bandage. Change dressing daily. | Do NOT remove a dressing that has stuck to a clotting wound, unless absolutely necessary for cleaning. |
When to Seek Medical Attention?
If the burn is larger than the palm of your hand, deep (charred or white spots), located on the face, hands, groin, or major joints, or if a cut bleeds profusely and cannot be stopped.
4. Heart Attack vs. Stroke Recognition and Response
Recognizing a Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction)
Classic signs of a heart attack include:
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Chest Discomfort/Pain: Feeling of pressure, squeezing, or fullness in the center of the chest.
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Radiating Pain: Pain may spread to the left arm, back, neck, jaw, or stomach.
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Other Symptoms: Shortness of breath, nausea, lightheadedness, or cold sweats.
Critical First Aid Steps for Heart Attack:
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Call 911/999 immediately.
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Have the person sit down and rest, keep them calm, and loosen tight clothing.
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If the person has no allergies and is not medically advised against it, have them chew one aspirin tablet (non-enteric coated).
Recognizing a Stroke: The FAST Protocol
A stroke is a medical emergency where time is critical. Remember FAST:
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Face: Is one side of the face drooping?
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Arm: Is one arm weak or numb? Ask them to raise both arms; does one arm drift downward?
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Speech: Is their speech slurred or difficult to understand?
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Time: Time is Brain! Call emergency services immediately and note the time symptoms began. Early treatment (often within 3 hours) significantly improves outcomes.
5. What to Do If Someone Has a Seizure (Epileptic Fit)?
When someone is having a seizure (convulsion), the primary goal of first aid is to ensure their safety.
Correct Seizure First Aid Steps:
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Stay Calm and Time It: Immediately note the starting time of the seizure.
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Clear the Area: Move away any sharp or hard objects that could injure the person.
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Protect the Head: Place a soft item, like a folded jacket or cushion, under their head for cushioning.
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Loosen Clothing: Gently loosen any tight clothing around the neck to aid breathing.
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Post-Seizure Positioning: Once the convulsions stop, gently turn the person onto their side (Recovery Position) to keep the airway open.
【Critical Don'ts】
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Do NOT try to restrain the person's movements.
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Do NOT put anything in their mouth.
When to Call Emergency Services (911/999)?
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The seizure lasts longer than 5 minutes.
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It is the person's first seizure.
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The person is injured, or they do not regain consciousness after the seizure stops.
6. How to Treat a Sprain or Strain at Home?
A sprain (ligament injury) or strain (muscle/tendon injury) requires immediate attention. If there is no suspected fracture, follow the widely accepted R.I.C.E. protocol for home treatment:
| Step | Keyword and Action | Goal |
| Rest | Stop all activities and avoid putting any weight or pressure on the injured area. | To prevent further damage to tissues. |
| Ice | Apply a cold pack (wrapped in a cloth) to the injury for 15-20 minutes. Repeat every 1-2 hours for the first 48 hours. | To reduce pain and control swelling (inflammation). |
| Compression | Gently wrap the area with an elastic bandage (like a sports wrap). Ensure it is snug, but not too tight. | To help minimize swelling and provide support. |
| Elevation | Keep the injured area raised above the level of the heart as much as possible. | To promote fluid drainage and reduce swelling. |
【When to Seek Medical Care?】
If the pain or swelling is severe and does not improve within 48 hours, or if you are unable to bear any weight on the injured limb, seek professional medical attention immediately as a fracture or severe tear may be present.
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